A list is a data structure in python which stores a sequential collection of elements of any size. Each element or value that is inside of a list is called an item.

A list is flexible i.e. does not have a fixed size.
A list is mutable i.e. the contents of a list can be changed.
A list can contain elements of same or mixed types.
Creating a list
empty list

list = [ ]

list with integer elements

list = [ 2, 3, 4, 5]

list with string elements

list = [ "red", "blue", "pink"]

list with elements of mixed type

list = [ "red", 2, 5]

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Built-in list functions

len() : To find the length of a list.
max() : To find the largest element in a list.
min() : To find the smallest element in a list.
sum() : To find the sum of all elements in a list.
random.shuffle() : To randomly shuffle the elements present in a list.

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List operators

Index operator : To access an element in the list from its index. Python also allows the use of negative numbers as indexes to reference positions relative to the end of the list.
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Accessing a list out of bounds is a common programming error that results in a runtime IndexError. To avoid this error, make sure that you do not use an index beyond len(list) – 1.

Often reference to the first element in a list is mistaken with index 1, but it should be 0. This is called the off-by-one error.

Slicing operator : The slicing operator returns a slice of the list using the syntax list[start : end]. The slice is a sublist from start index to index end – 1. You can also use a negative index in slicing.
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Concatenation operator (+) : To concatenate or join two lists.
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Repetition operator (*) : To replicate elements in a list.
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in and not in operator : To check for the presence of an element in a list.
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Operators for comparing lists : (>, >=, <, <=, ==, and !=)
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List methods
append() : To add an element to the end of the list.
count() : To return the number of times an element appears in the list.
extend() : To append all the elements of a list to another.
index() : To return the index of the first occurrence of an element in the list.
insert() : To insert an element at a given index in the list.
pop() : To removes the element at the given position in the list and return it.
remove() : To remove the first occurrence of an element from the list.
reverse() : To reverse the elements in the list.
sort() : To sort the elements in the list in ascending order.
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Splitting a String into a List
The split method is useful for splitting items in a string into a list. One can use either a space or a non-space delimiter.
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Copying lists
A list can be copied to another using the assignment statement (=). However, this statement does not copy the contents of the list referenced by list1 to list2; instead, it merely copies the reference value from list1 to list2. After this statement, list1 and list2 refer to the same list. The list previously referenced by list2 is no longer referenced; it becomes garbage.
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